Are diagnosed each year in about 1700 new cases of thyroid cancer, representing 1% of all tumors. Between 5 and 10% of the nodules on the thyroid gland have a cancer diagnosis, while the remaining 90-95% are benign. The most common are papillary carcinomas (80-85% of the diagnosis of thyroid cancer) and follicular (5-10%), to which must be added the medulary anaplastic carcinoma and thyroid lymphoma.
Thyroid Cancer Causes
The causes of thyroid cancer are very different:
Symptoms of thyroid cancer
This type of tumor usually does not cause symptoms until it is advanced. Furthermore, these symptoms can be caused by other conditions, so it will be necessary to make a differential diagnosis
Thyroid Cancer Treatment
The treatment of thyroid cancer depends on the type and degree of development, applying one or more of the following:
Familial thyroid cancer
A small proportion of medullary thyroid cancers Carcinoma familial thyroid papillary carcinoma and familiar are hereditary and are defined by transmission from parents to children of a specific genetic alteration (RET and MET, respectively). Being a carrier of the RET gene determines that almost certainly (98-100%) medullary thyroid carcinoma family, a type of tumor that metastasizes easily and, in fact, is often diagnosed late, when metastases have already appeared will develop. Moreover, if the mutation is a carrier which is MET, then the relative risk of papillary carcinoma is run.
When a patient with thyroid cancer have one of these two gene mutations should be studied for all family members to identify those at risk of developing it and subjecting them to a narrow track to take the necessary preventive measures to prevent develop the tumor. If the mutation is very high risk, proceed to the removal of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) before five years of age.
When the identified mutations are at high or moderate risk has to perform before he turns ten, and before twenty if they are moderate-low risk. This surgery creates hypothyroidism patient, so that while you can lead a perfectly normal life, must undergo replacement therapy for the rest of his life.
Thyroid Cancer Causes
The causes of thyroid cancer are very different:
- A diet low in iodine.
- Family history of goiter (enlarged thyroid gland).
- The radiation to the head and neck during childhood.
- Sex: more common in women than in men (in a ratio of 2 to 1).
- Age. Having more than 70 or less than 20.
- Genetic inheritance.
Symptoms of thyroid cancer
This type of tumor usually does not cause symptoms until it is advanced. Furthermore, these symptoms can be caused by other conditions, so it will be necessary to make a differential diagnosis
- Appearance of a lump in the neck.
- Trouble breathing and swallowing.
- Hoarseness.
Thyroid Cancer Treatment
The treatment of thyroid cancer depends on the type and degree of development, applying one or more of the following:
- Surgery: removal of part or all of the thyroid gland and neck lymph nodes are affected.
- Radiotherapy in tumors of follicular and papillary radiation therapy of radioiodine which is administered orally and requires the complete isolation of the patient for a few days.
- Chemotherapy in addition to those approved for the treatment of this cancer, currently available cytostatics a specific drug (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) that works by slowing the growth of the tumor.
- Thyroid hormone therapy: is twofold. On one hand replace the lost function of the thyroid gland, thyroid hormone administered. Furthermore, treatment with drugs that prevent the body produce thyroid stimulating hormone or thyrotropin (TSH) is mainly used to prevent thyroid cancer is reactivated.
Familial thyroid cancer
A small proportion of medullary thyroid cancers Carcinoma familial thyroid papillary carcinoma and familiar are hereditary and are defined by transmission from parents to children of a specific genetic alteration (RET and MET, respectively). Being a carrier of the RET gene determines that almost certainly (98-100%) medullary thyroid carcinoma family, a type of tumor that metastasizes easily and, in fact, is often diagnosed late, when metastases have already appeared will develop. Moreover, if the mutation is a carrier which is MET, then the relative risk of papillary carcinoma is run.
When a patient with thyroid cancer have one of these two gene mutations should be studied for all family members to identify those at risk of developing it and subjecting them to a narrow track to take the necessary preventive measures to prevent develop the tumor. If the mutation is very high risk, proceed to the removal of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) before five years of age.
When the identified mutations are at high or moderate risk has to perform before he turns ten, and before twenty if they are moderate-low risk. This surgery creates hypothyroidism patient, so that while you can lead a perfectly normal life, must undergo replacement therapy for the rest of his life.
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